Present Perfect

Lesson 1 of 4 · Main rules

Theory

Main rules

Present Perfect

Когда используется

1. Действия, которые произошли в прошлом, но влияют на настоящее:
I have lost my keys. I cannot open the door. (результат)
Oh! I’ve broken a cup!

2. Действие закончилось, но период продолжается (today / this..., жизнь):
Pushkin wrote 10 books.
Пушкин сейчас не жив, поэтому его жизнь — это законченный период, используем Past Simple.
J.K. Rowling has written 10 books. Она еще жива и может написать еще книги
I have drunk 2 cups of coffee this morning. (незаконченный период)

3. Опыт: ever / never / ... times
Have you ever been to the US?
I’ve never been to the US.
I’ve been to the US 3 times.
ever используется в вопросах, never - уже является отрицанием, другие отрицания не нужны, times - количество раз

4. already — уже (утверждения), yet — уже / еще (отрицания и вопросы):
Have you done your homework yet?
I haven’t done my homework yet.
I’ve already done my homework.

5. since — с, for — в течение:
I’ve known her since 2020.
I’ve known her for 3 years.

6. just — только что:
I’ve just come home.

7. recently / lately — недавно / в последнее время:
I’ve recently started a new book.
I haven’t seen her lately.

Важно

Present Perfect не может использоваться, если период закончен: yesterday, ago, last week, in 2020.

Present Perfect

affirmative

subject + have/has + Ved/3

I have finishedYou have finishedWe have finishedThey have finishedHe has finishedShe has finishedIt has finished

negative

subject + haven’t/hasn’t + Ved/3

I haven’t finishedYou haven’t finishedWe haven’t finishedThey haven’t finishedHe hasn’t finishedShe hasn’t finishedIt hasn’t finished

questions

Have/Has + subject + Ved/3?

Have I finished?Have you finished?Have we finished?Have they finished?Has he finished?Has she finished?Has it finished?

Ved - правильный глагол с окончанием -ed. Как добавить окончание -ed
V3 - третья форма неправильного глагола. Таблица неправильных глаголов

Practice

Your turn ✎

Fill in the gaps. Use have / has + Ved/3.

Example:
She __________ already __________ her homework. (finish)
→ She has already finished her homework.

I my keys. I cannot open the door. (lose)

She already her homework. Now she can watch TV. (finish)

We here for three years. (live)

Tom at this school since September. (study)

They just home. (come)

My sister this film twice. (see)

It raining. Let’s go outside. (stop)

I two emails this morning. (send)

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